Effects of a Standardized Bacopa monnieri Extract on Cognitive Performance, Anxiety, and Depression in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Bacopa takers improved delayed word recall by just over one word and cut Stroop reaction time, while depression scores, combined anxiety scores and heart rate fell in the Bacopa group and rose in the placebo group.
Summary

Researchers gave 54 healthy people aged 65 and over either 300 mg of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract or a placebo every day for 12 weeks. Memory for a word list recalled after a delay improved in the Bacopa group and stayed flat in the placebo group. Reaction time on an attention test, depression and anxiety scores, and heart rate also moved in a better direction with Bacopa, and side effects were few and mostly stomach upset.

Context Note
Participants were adults aged 65 and over. The result may not apply to children or teenagers.

Study breakdown

Why this study was done

Memory and thinking speed often decline with age. Bacopa monnieri is a plant long used in Ayurvedic medicine as a memory aid, and earlier placebo-controlled trials had suggested a benefit, mostly in younger and middle-aged adults. The researchers asked whether a standardized Bacopa extract changed cognition, anxiety and depression in older adults.

How it was run

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Portland, Oregon. Double-blind means neither participants nor study staff knew who received the extract. A 6 week placebo run-in, where everyone took a dummy tablet, came before 12 weeks of treatment.

  • 54 people were randomized. 48 finished, 24 in each group.
  • All were aged 65 or over, mean age 73.5 years, living independently, with no clinical signs of dementia. 60 percent were women.
  • 300 mg per day of a proprietary dried Bacopa monnieri extract from MediHerb: a 50:1 extract, minimum 50 percent bacosides A and B, about 150 mg of bacosides per tablet.
  • The comparison was a matched placebo tablet, identical in look, smell and texture.

The main outcome was delayed word recall on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Other measures were the Stroop task, which tests the ability to ignore distracting information, a divided attention task, a working memory digit task, questionnaires for depression, anxiety and mood, and vital signs.

What they found

On delayed word recall, the Bacopa group went from 6.4 words at baseline to 7.6 at 12 weeks, while placebo went from 6.8 to 6.9. The trend was statistically significant in the Bacopa group only (F 5.4, df 1,21, p 0.03, effect size 0.20). Stroop reaction time fell from 60.1 to 57.2 seconds on Bacopa and stayed near 60 seconds on placebo (linear F 9.4, p 0.003, effect size 0.29; quadratic F 10.6, p 0.006, effect size 0.32).

Depression scores rose on placebo and fell slightly on Bacopa (F 4.0, df 1,43, p 0.05, effect size 0.08). Combined state plus trait anxiety split the same way (one-tailed p 0.04 and 0.05). Heart rate rose on placebo from 67.2 to 72.3 beats per minute and was flat on Bacopa (F 7.3, df 1,44, p 0.01, effect size 0.09). Nothing changed on immediate recall, divided attention, the digit task, mood, blood pressure or temperature. There were 41 adverse events, 23 on placebo and 18 on Bacopa.

Limitations

The sample was small: 48 finishers in two groups of 24. Two anxiety p values were one-tailed, a less conservative test. Blinding was imperfect: 32 of 48 participants believed they were on the active tablet, more than chance would predict, though evenly split across groups. Participants were mostly white and college educated. MediHerb supplied the tablets free of charge, and co-author Kerry Bone is Chairman of the Board and Director of Research and Development at MediHerb. The paper states he took no part in the study's conduct or interpretation. Other funding came from the National Institutes of Health and the Northwest Health Foundation. The authors note the placebo group's rising depression scores and heart rate may reflect frustration with repeated test visits rather than real decline.

What it means in practice

This is one small trial in adults aged 65 and over, living independently and free of dementia. It does not automatically extend to healthy or younger people, and says nothing about diagnosed memory disorders. The changes were modest: about one extra word recalled and roughly three seconds off a reaction time task. Most measures showed no change. It adds to earlier trials rather than settling the question, and the industry link in the author list is a reason to read it carefully.

Study Type
Randomized Controlled Trial
Published
2008
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Participants
54 adults aged 65 and over, mean age 73.5, 12 weeks of treatment after a 6-week placebo run-in, 48 completed
Dose Studied
300 mg per day standardized Bacopa monnieri dry extract, 50:1, minimum 50% bacosides A and B
Health Focus
Cognition
Ingredients
Bacopa Monnieri

Frequently Asked Questions

Are these formulas safe to take with medication?

That depends on the specific medication and formula. A few, like blood thinners with CurQLife or blood pressure medication with MaxiNOs, are worth a direct conversation with your doctor first. Check each formula's own FAQ section for specifics, or ask your health coach.

Do all four formulas have the same level of research behind them?

No, and we'd rather be upfront about it. Bacopa, the plant in BacoZest, has published human studies, though they used other bacopa extracts. OptiNOs and MaxiNOs each have human studies sponsored by their maker, Laila Nutraceuticals, which haven't been published in a journal. CurQLife's research is still early, from lab and animal studies, and we label it that way.

Which formula is right for me?

It depends on what you're building your routine around. BacoZest is built around bacopa, which is studied for memory.* OptiNOs supports strength and muscular endurance alongside resistance training.* MaxiNOs was studied for healthy blood vessel function.* CurQLife's research is still at the lab stage. Your health coach can help you pick a starting point.

Are these ingredients safe?

All four are built around plant extracts. OptiNOs was reported as well tolerated in its human study, and published bacopa studies reported no serious side effects. CurQLife's safety data so far comes from lab and animal testing. Check with your doctor first if you're pregnant, nursing, on medication, or managing a health condition.

Why are patented ingredients more expensive?

Because the patented ingredients behind our four formulas went through dedicated research, and research costs real money. A generic curcumin or bacopa supplement hasn't been tested in the form you get from us. You're paying for an ingredient with research behind it, not just a label.

What makes The Collection different from other brands?

Generic ingredients often haven't been studied in the specific form you're buying. Our four core formulas use patented ingredients, and we show you the research behind each one, including where it's still early.

How long until I notice results?

It depends on the formula. In its study, MaxiNOs blood vessel response was higher than placebo 2 to 3 hours after the first dose.* OptiNOs and bacopa were studied over 6 and 12 weeks of daily use, so give them time. CurQLife is meant to be taken daily.

Can I take all four together?

Yes. BacoZest, OptiNOs, MaxiNOs, and CurQLife are built for different goals, and none of them contain stimulants. They haven't been studied together, so ask your health coach how to fit them into your routine.