International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and Exercise

A total daily protein intake of 1.4 to 2.0 g per kg of body weight is sufficient for most exercising people to build and maintain muscle, taken as servings of 20 to 40 g containing 700 to 3,000 mg of leucine every 3 to 4 hours.
Summary

A panel reviewed the research on dietary protein for healthy people who exercise. They covered total daily intake, dose per serving, timing, protein sources and protein quality. The panel reports 1.4 to 2.0 g per kg of body weight per day for most exercisers, 2.3 to 3.1 g/kg/day to protect lean mass while eating below energy needs, and servings spread evenly across the day.

Study breakdown

Why this study was done

The International Society of Sports Nutrition published its first position stand on dietary protein in 2007. This 2017 update restates the Society's position on how much protein per day, how much per serving, when to eat it, and whether high intakes are safe.

How it was run

This is a position stand, not an experiment. A panel of 21 authors reviewed the published literature, organized by topic: endurance and resistance exercise performance, body composition, protein timing, recommended intakes, protein sources and quality, and safety. The paper was reviewed by the Society's Research Committee and represents its official position. No new data were collected and the search is not described as systematic.

What they found

The Society sets out 14 numbered positions. The main ones:

  • Resistance exercise and protein intake both stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and act together when protein is consumed before or after resistance exercise.
  • A daily intake of 1.4 to 2.0 g of protein per kg of body weight is sufficient for most exercising individuals to build and maintain muscle mass.
  • Higher intakes of 2.3 to 3.1 g/kg/day may be needed to retain lean mass while in a calorie deficit.
  • There is what the paper calls novel evidence that intakes above 3.0 g/kg/day may help body composition in resistance-trained people by promoting fat loss.
  • Per serving, 0.25 g of high-quality protein per kg of body weight, or 20 to 40 g, containing 700 to 3000 mg of leucine alongside a balanced spread of essential amino acids, spread evenly every 3 to 4 hours.
  • Pre-sleep casein at 30 to 40 g increases overnight muscle protein synthesis and metabolic rate.

On endurance the paper is more cautious. Added protein does not appear to improve endurance performance over days, weeks, or immediately before and during exercise. In one study cyclists on a higher protein diet took 20% more time to complete a self-paced time trial than those on lower protein and higher carbohydrate. Adding protein to a carbohydrate drink did suppress markers of muscle damage 12 to 24 hours after exercise and reduced soreness. On safety, controlled studies up to a year at 2.5 to 3.3 g/kg/day in healthy resistance-trained people showed no harmful effect on blood lipids or kidney and liver markers.

Limitations

The competing interests section is directly relevant. Two authors are employees of BioTRUST Nutrition, a supplement company. One is the CEO and co-founder of the ISSN, and the paper states the ISSN is supported in part by grants from raw goods suppliers and branded companies that sell dietary protein supplements. Many authors report research funding from protein supplement companies, seats on supplement advisory boards, paid consultancy, paid media work, or paid expert witness work in supplement litigation. One author, AAF, reports no conflicts. The paper says no funding was provided for the work itself. This is a narrative position stand, so study selection is not reproducible and results are not pooled into effect sizes. The evidence for intakes above 3 g/kg/day is described as preliminary.

What it means in practice

This is a professional body's summary written largely by authors with declared financial ties to the supplement industry, and should be weighed accordingly. Its own text is more measured than the numbered positions suggest: it concludes that added protein does not improve endurance performance, and it frames peri-workout timing mainly as an opportunity to raise total daily intake rather than a window that must be hit. It does not address older, ill or clinical populations, and its safety statements are specifically about healthy resistance-trained people. It reports no trial of its own.

Study Type
Position Stand
Published
2017
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Participants
Not applicable, position stand
Dose Studied
1.4 to 2.0 g protein per kg body weight daily, in 20 to 40 g servings every 3 to 4 hours
Health Focus
Strength & Power
Recovery
Ingredients
Protein

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