The Effects of IQPLUS Focus on Cognitive Function, Mood and Endocrine Response Before and Following Acute Exercise

Fourteen days of 400 mg per day soy phosphatidylserine cut time per correct serial subtraction before exercise by 20 percent, from 6.44 seconds to 5.14 seconds, while leaving mood, cortisol and testosterone unchanged.
Summary

Eighteen resistance-trained college men took 400 mg a day of soy phosphatidylserine for 14 days and a placebo for 14 days, then completed a hard lower-body session in each arm. Before exercise they worked through a mental subtraction test 20 percent faster on the supplement, with fewer errors. Mood scores, cortisol and testosterone were the same in both arms, and the difference in test scores disappeared after exercise.

Context Note
IQPLUS Focus is a soy phosphatidylserine product, not a spearmint extract. Funded by Chemi Nutra, the ingredient supplier. The cognitive benefit appeared before exercise only and disappeared afterwards.

Study breakdown

Why this study was done

Phosphatidylserine is a fat like molecule found in cell membranes. Earlier reviews suggested its cognitive benefits show up in elderly populations but not in younger ones. This study tested whether a soy phosphatidylserine product improved thinking, mood or hormone responses in young men, both before and after a hard resistance training session.

How it was run

Eighteen physically active, college aged men took part, mean age 22.5 years and mean weight 84.4 kg. All had done lower body resistance exercise at least weekly for the previous three months.

The design was randomized, double blind, placebo controlled and crossover. Each man took the supplement for 14 days and the placebo, rice flour, for 14 days, in random order, with no washout between the two phases. The supplement was IQPLUS Focus, a soy derived phosphatidylserine product supplying 400 mg of phosphatidylserine per day across two servings.

After each 14 day phase the men reported fasted and performed five sets of 10 repetitions at 70 percent of their one repetition maximum on the Smith machine squat, leg press and leg extension. Thinking was measured with a serial subtraction test, a timed two minute task of subtracting 7 from a four digit number, and mood with the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Both were done before exercise and at 5 and 60 minutes after. Blood was taken before exercise and at five points across the hour after it, and assayed for cortisol and total testosterone.

What they found

Before exercise, the men were faster at the subtraction task on the supplement: 5.14 plus or minus 1.3 seconds per correct calculation against 6.44 plus or minus 2.5 seconds on placebo, a 20 percent reduction, reported at p equals 0.001 in the abstract and p equals 0.007 in the results.

The other two cognitive measures did not reach statistical significance. Errors fell from 1.28 plus or minus 0.69 to 0.78 plus or minus 0.27, described as a 39 percent reduction, at p equals 0.53. Correct calculations rose from 22.1 plus or minus 2.24 to 24.9 plus or minus 1.52, a 13 percent increase, at p equals 0.07.

After exercise there was no difference between supplement and placebo on any cognitive measure. Mood showed no difference between treatments on any component of the questionnaire. Cortisol and testosterone showed no difference between treatments, and neither did the testosterone to cortisol ratio.

Limitations

Eighteen participants is a small sample, all young, healthy, trained men. There was no washout between supplement phases, so carryover cannot be ruled out in a crossover design.

On funding, the acknowledgements state that Chemi Nutra of White Bear Lake, Minnesota assisted with funding the project and publishing the manuscript. Chemi Nutra is the supplier of the soy phosphatidylserine used in IQPLUS Focus. The competing interests section states that the authors declare they have no competing interests, which sits awkwardly beside the funding disclosure.

The presentation deserves scrutiny. Two of the three cognitive findings quoted in the abstract and conclusion, the 39 percent drop in errors and the 13 percent rise in correct calculations, did not reach the study's own significance threshold. Only the speed result did. The paper also found no overall treatment effect across the whole test, only an interaction with time.

What it means in practice

The defensible finding is narrow: in eighteen trained young men, 14 days of 400 mg per day of soy phosphatidylserine was followed by faster performance on one arithmetic task measured before exercise.

It does not show a benefit to mood, and the mood result was flatly null. It does not show any effect on cortisol or testosterone, which is worth noting because that was the mechanism the wider phosphatidylserine literature had proposed. It shows nothing after exercise, where the difference disappeared. It does not show any effect on strength, training or sport performance, none of which were measured. And a percentage change quoted without a significant p value is not a finding.

Study Type
Randomized Controlled Trial
Published
2011
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Participants
18 resistance-trained college-aged males, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover, 14 days per arm
Dose Studied
400 mg per day soy-derived phosphatidylserine, branded IQPLUS Focus, as two 200 mg servings
Health Focus
Cognition
Ingredients
Phosphatidylserine

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